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Howard Goldstein Associates, Inc. |
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Business, Technology & Education. |
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Course Title: Storage Networking Gigabit Ethernet & Advanced Internet Technologies
Vendor: Howard Goldstein Associates, Inc. Email: Howard.Goldstein@HGAI.Com
Locations: Private classes available. Phone: 303-554-0755
Duration: 4-Day
Type: Lecture Course URL: www.hgai.com
Expected Outcome: The Gigabit Ethernet & Advanced Inernet Technologies course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of TCP/IP/Ethernet and the Internet Protocol Suite focusing on High Performance TCP/IP Opportunities. This course discusses issues relating to hardware & software configuration, network terminology, network performance, problem determination & resolution, application program design affects, network management & security. It provides a "big picture" overview of TCP/IP/Ethernet technologies while describing advanced topics such as Gigabit Ethernet, Ipv6 and Real Time Application function and performance.
What’s exciting about it, why it’s important, where it’s going: It provides a one-of-a-kind tutorial with an industry subject matter expert who has real-world experience and superior presentation skills. It provides a vendor-neutral view of storage networking and TCP/IP/Ethernet with a focus leveraging your investment in network infrastructure, existing and future storage and server assets. It explores the Internet Protocol Suite and Data and Storage Networking from an experienced Data Networker’s perspective. It takes both a top-down and a bottom’s up approach to Storage’s use of TCP/IP/Ethernet. It explains the technical differences between Fibre Channel and iSCSI/TCP/IP/Ethernet and when to use these technologies. It puts you in position to understand what storage networks can and cannot do for you. It will make you more knowledgeable in dealing with the plethora of vendors of storage networking products and services. It takes a “network” view of storage networks yet identifies how storage networks differ fundamentally from other data networks like the Internet. It takes complex storage networking topics and breaks them down in a simple, easy-to-understand way.
Audience: This course is targeted towards anyone who designs, implements, manages, specifies or selects Data and Storage Networking technologies. This includes IS/IT technical staff and managers, product developers, systems integrators, systems engineers and technical marketing personnel. This course is for anyone who wants to understand more about data and storage networking solutions and technologies. TCP/IP/Ethernet users, programmers, network and system administrators, and managers who need a thorough understanding of TCP/IP/Ethernet, Project managers and project leaders involved in the design and implementation of TCP/IP/Ethernet networks, client/server applications or distributed processing applications who need to understand the fundamentals of TCP/IP/Ethernet networks.
Prerequisites: An understanding of current computer interfaces or networks is desirable, although not absolutely necessary.
Course Outline Overview:
Storage Networking Overview OSI & TCP/IPNames, Addresses and SubnetsIP Subnet CalculatorInternetworking EthernetTechnologyDevicesFast & Gigabit EthernetInternet LayerIpv4IP Next Generation IPng: IP Version 6 IPng (IPv6) Addressing & RoutingIPng Quality of Service, ICMP & Network Security IPng Transition & The FutureTransport Layer - TCP & UDPHigh Performance TCP/IPTCP/IP Offload EnginesHigh Performance TCP/IPZero Copy TCP/IP Playing your cards right – Reno vs. VegasLarge MTU NetworksIPv6 Jumbograms Overcoming TCP/IP distance and BER limitations - Connectivity TCP Performance Application Services LayerReal Time ApplicationsBibliography
Course Outline Detail:
A. Storage Networking Overview Network Vs. Storage Wires & Protocols Network Attached Storage – Local Area Network NAS Benefits What is a SAN? Storage Area Network SAN Applications LAN/SAN Benefits Storage Networks Physical Transport Choices The Requirements of Networking Server to Storage Information Flow Requirements What is a Network? Local Area Networks Wide Area Networks A Simple Internetwork Network Components Why Internetwork? Beware of Semantics Fundamental Concepts What is OSI? IPS Encapsulation Application Services Layer Transport Layer Internet Layer Network Interface Layer Names & Addresses Hierarchical, Routable Addressing Why subnet and segment? IP Next Generation IPng (IPV6) FC Address Comparison – 1 Gram IP Address Comparison – 1 Gram Address Assignment Name Service OSI & IPS (TCP/IP) OSI & Fibre Channel Architecture Fibre Channel and IPS iSCSI and EtherStorage Traditional SAN Traditional NAS iSCSI Storage Networking Protocols IP Storage Methods Networked Storage Future Server I/O PCI Bus Infiniband Architecture IBA Infiniband Positioning Storage Networking Futures
B. OSI & TCP/IPWhat is OSI? OSI Horizontal & Vertical Protocols Why Layers? Why Not? Real Life Layering Real Life Layering Physical Layer Physical Layer Data Link Layer Network Layer Upper Layers Transport Layer Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer OSI Data Structures The Internet Protocol Suite – TCP/IP Internet Protocol Suite (IPS) IPS Encapsulation Network Interface Layer Internet Layer Transport Layer Application Services Layer IPS Protocols OSI & IPS (TCP/IP) OSI & Fibre Channel Architecture The Network Architecture Stacks The Information Protocol Stack The Human Stack Layered Architectures Summary
C. Names, Addresses and SubnetsNames, Addresses & Subnets Names & Addresses Subnetwork Addressing The Physical Address Media Access Control The Physical Address The Data Link Address Ethernet Frame IP Address IP Address Classes IP Address Classes The Loopback Interface Why Subnet? IP Address Subnetting The Subnet Mask Subnet Masking Binary & Boolean Review Subnet Mask Advanced Subnetting Supernetwork Mask Classless Inter-Domain Routing CIDR IP Address & Routing Address Resolution Protocols RARP Processing Domain Name Service DNS Suffixes Summary
D. IP Subnet CalculatorIP Subnet Calculator – Increasing Subnet Bits IP Subnet Calculator
E. Internetworking Why Internetwork? Bus Topology: Ethernet Ethernet Joining Separate Ethernets Repeaters Hubs Bridges Ring Topology: Token Ring Token Ring Bridge Different Protocols Star Topology Star Topology: Hub Bus or Ring Star Topology: Switch Routers IP Router Static & Dynamic Routing Routing Network Traffic More Complexity Routing and Delivery Gateways Gateways can Interconnect Different Network Architectures Summary
F. Ethernet TechnologyNetwork Interface Layer Ethernet Ethernet Original Goals Ethernet Original Non-Goals Ethernet Ethernet Frame Types of Ethernet addresses Ethernet Frames Ethernet Service IEEE and ISO Logical Link Control for LANs LLC Protocol Data Unit LPDU Network Devices Headers Bob Metcalfe: The Original Ethernet What is Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Reference Model Basic Network Entity Models Ethernet Frame Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) Frame DIX versus IEEE 802.3 Carrier Extension Frame Bursting Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) Frame MAC Types Ethernet Frame Transmission CSMA/CD Access Interference and Recovery Sequence Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detect (Half-Duplex) CSMA/CD (Half-Duplex) Shared Access Networks are Different Multiple Access Methods A Quick Word about Token Ring Our Focus is Ethernet Ethernet Overview A Quick Word about Aloha Networks Ethernet’s MAC Algorithm State Diagram for CSMA/CD Collisions Collision Detection Collision Detection contd. Exponential Backoff MAC Algorithm from the Receiver Side Maximum Backoff Times 10mbps Variations of CSMA (Half-Duplex) Variations of CSMA (Half-Duplex) Slot Time (Half-Duplex) Full-Duplex Gigabit Ethernet Link Full Duplex Links Full Duplex Media Support Ethernet Flow Control: Pause Frame Auto-Negotiation Operation Ethernet Media Fundamentals AUI Connector Signals Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) 10BASE-T External 10BASE-T Transceiver 100BASE-FX 100BASE-FX External Transceiver 1000 BASE-T 1000 BASE-T Signal Transmission Optical Cable Modal Dispersion Light Source Ethernet Performance Ethernet Performance “5-4-3” Rule Ethernet Utilization Graph The Boggs, Mogul and Kent Paper Ethernet Channel Analysis Ethernet Channel Analysis Ethernet Technology Summary
G. Ethernet DevicesSwitches Interrupt the Collision Domain Hybrid Switching and Repeating Hub Advanced Features of Switching Hubs Virtual LANs 802.1Q VLAN Tag Header Thick Ethernet (10base5) 10base5 Thin Ethernet (10base2/BNC) 10base2 (2) 10base-T (TP) 10base-T (2) 10base-T (3) UTP Ethernet (10baseT) 10baseT cables n-way autonegotiation n-way autonegotiation Ethernet Repeaters Repeaters Buffered Distributor Bridges Ethernet Switch Router Structured wiring Wire Types Structured wiring pitfalls Fiber optics Faster Ethernet Fast Ethernet: the losers Fast Ethernet: the winner Fast Ethernet over fiber Still faster: gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet and packet size Fast and Gigabit Ethernet Experiences with Ethernet Ethernet Problems Why did Ethernet Win? Ethernet Devices Summary
H. Fast & Gigabit EthernetFast Ethernet (100BASE-T) Fast Ethernet Details 100 BASE T4 100 Base TX 100 BASE FX Fast Ethernet Repeaters & Switches Gigabit Ethernet History Gigabit Ethernet (1000 BASE X) Gigabit Ethernet Architecture Standard Gigabit Ethernet Technology Gigabit Ethernet (1000 BASE-T) Gigabit Media Independent Interface GMII 1000 BASE SX Short wavelength 8b/10b Encoding and Decoding Bits, Bytes, and Words Bit, Byte, and Word Structure Why Encode the Data? Special Characters 8b/10b Notation 8b/10b Notation Running Disparity Disparity Error Detection Encoding and Decoding 8B/10B Encoder Bit and Byte Transmission Order 1000 BASE LX Long wavelength 1000 BASE CX ‘Short haul’ copper jumpers 1000 BASE T Twisted Pair Gigabit Ethernet versus Fibre Channel Gigabit Ethernet Ethernet Summary
I. Internet LayerIP Facilities IPv4 Datagram IPv4 Datagram Option Fields Routers Input & Output Queues Fragmentation Address Resolution Protocol ARP Request/Reply ARP ARP -a Mapping Types ARP Hardware Type Field ARP Protocol Type Field ARP Cache Reverse ARP RARP Processing Proxy ARP Resolution IP Broadcast IP Multicast Multicast Routers Internet Group Management Protocol Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP Message Format ICMP Message Types ICMP 3 - Destination Unreachable ICMP Router Discovery Protocol Ping and ICMP Echo Message Ping PING www.mol.mn Traceroute Tracert Tracert www.mol.mn
J. IP Next Generation IPng: IP Version 6 IPng Header IPng Next Header Fields IPng Priority Classification IPng Flow labels IP Address Comparison – 1 Gram IP Address Comparison IPng 128-Bit Addresses IPng Extension Headers Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 Why change to IPv6? Summary IPng (IPv6) Overview IPng Introduction Introduction Key Issues - Growth Growth - Computer Markets Growth - Nomadic Personal Computing Growth - Networked Entertainment Growth - Device Control Key Issues - Transition Transition IPng History IPng History IPng Overview IPv4 Header IPng Header Format Payload Payload IPv6 Packet Fragmentation Expanded Routing & Addressing Anycast Addresses Multicast Anycast Improvements
K. IPng (IPv6) Addressing & RoutingIPng Header Format IPng Header IPng Extensions IPng Extension Headers IP Extension Headers IP Next Header Values IP Extension Headers Internet Address Classes IPv4 Address Types IP Addressing & CIDR Organizational and Non-Organizational Network Users IP Address Allocation Management IPng Addressing IPv6 Address Hierarchy of the IP Address Loopback Unicast Address Provider Based Unicast Address Local-Use Address Link-Local-Use Site-Local-Use Subnet & Interface ID Global Internet Automatic Unicast -Stateful Automatic Unicast -Stateless IPv4 Compatibility IPv6 with Embedded IPv4 Addresses - Tunneling IPv6 with Embedded IPv4 Addresses Anycast Address Source Selected Policies Anycast for Help Multicast Addresses Multicast Addresses IPv6 Multicast Flags Multicast Address Scope Values Assigned Multicast Addresses IPng Routing IPng Routing Extensions Address Sequences IPng Routing Extensions
L. IPng Quality of Service, ICMP & Network Security IPng Quality-of-Service Flow Labels Flows Across a Small Network Pre-allocated Network Resources Priority Hop Limits – Breaks Routing Loops Searching for the Nearest Server IPng ICMP ICMP ICMP Message Types LAN Addresses for Hosts Neighbor Solicitation Solicitation Response Router Advertisement Router Solicitation Router Response Router Inefficient Routing Router Redirection Address Autoconfiguration Group Membership Messages No More IGMP Error Reporting Destination Unreachable Codes Error Reporting: Exceeding IP Hop Limit Reporting ICMP Packet Too Big Time Exceeded Codes Network Security and IPv6 Network Security and IPv6 End-to-End Security End-System Security Secure QoS Secure Network Infrastructure Secure Network Infrastructure Security in IPv6 Problems with Supporting Security IPng Security IP Security Architecture Characteristics of a Security Association IPng Authentication Header IPng Encapsulation Security Header Eavesdrop Opportunities Security Gateways
M. IPng Transition & The FutureIPng Transition Mechanisms IPng Transition Features Why IPng? IPv6 Transition Mechanisms Dual-IP Layer Networks IP Address Translation Overview of a Dual-IP Network Dual Stack Dual-IP Dual-IP Application Issues Routing and Dual-IP Tunneling Encapsulating IPv6 in IPv4 Tunneling Configured Tunneling Configured Tunneling Tunneling IPv6 over IPv4 Automatic Tunneling Applied Tunneling Default Configured Tunnel Automatic Tunneling Tunneling Issues Router Half Tunnels The Future of TCP/IP
N. Transport Layer - TCP & UDPTransport Transport Addressing Ports Transport Port Numbers Well-known Port Numbers Sockets Binding Entries in Port Tables - Telnet Multiplexing One Destination Port Network Address Translation NAT User Datagram Protocol UDP UDP Application Traffic UDP Header Transport Pseudo Header (Parameter List) Transmission Control Protocol TCP Reliable Delivery Service TCP End-to-End TCP Application Traffic TCP Virtual Circuit TCP Header TCP Header Flags TCP Header TCP - Two Armies Problem TCP Connection Phases TCP Connect Phase TCP Data Phase TCP Data Phase - Acknowledgement TCP Data Phase - Recovery TCP Termination Phase TCP Data Phase TCP Timers TCP Sliding Windows TCP Data Phase – Flow Control Other Protocol Users Summary
O. TCP/IP Offload EnginesThe difference between TOEs for iSCSI and data networking applications TCP/IP Offload Engines TOE The Network I/O Bottleneck Why Now? The Opportunity iSCSI The iSCSI Value Proposition TOE – iSCSI’s Performance Answer A TOEs Impact on iSCSI Not All TOEs Are Created Equal! The TOE Spectrum Little TOEs Firmware TOEs Full HW State-based TOE The TOE OS Challenge iSCSI Offload Summary
P. High Performance TCP/IPHigh Performance TCP/IP
Q. High Performance TCP/IP Zero Copy TCP/IP Zero-Copy TCP/IP Overview Where do copies occur? Why copy is “needed”? To eliminate copies… The role of Network devices Page remapping TCP/IP Hardware High Performance TCP/IP Embedded TCP/IP Embedded Example - WebChip
R. High Performance TCP/IP Playing your cards right – Reno vs. VegasCommunication Networks in the GRID IPv6 High performance TCP Reno RFC1323 High performance TCP Reno RFC1323 TCP tuning for distributed applications TCP Vegas vs. TCP Reno TCP Vegas TCP Vegas vs. TCP Reno Random Early Detection gateways Aggressive TCP Reno: What Can be done? Performance gains for Virtualized Audio Aggressive TCP Reno Aggressive TCP Reno Conclusion
S. High Performance TCP/IP Large MTU NetworksLarge MTU Networks How Applications Handle MTU MTU Negotiation When MTU Negotiation Fails Pushing up the Internet MTU Larger MTU - PROs and CONs Larger MTU - PROs Larger MTU - CONs Regular Frames Jumbo Frames Available Large MTU Networks Available Large MTU Networks Ethernet Jumbo Frames The Effect of MTU on TCP Performance
T. High Performance TCP/IP IPv6 Jumbograms IPv6 Jumbograms
U. High Performance TCP/IP Overcoming TCP/IP distance and BER limitations - Connectivity Overcoming TCP/IP distance and BER limitations - Connectivity The Need for Enhancement Implications For Storage-to-Storage Replication A Cost-Effective Solution HyperIP Test Results IP-Packet Edge Intercept IP Accelerator HyperIP Transport Compression Engine
V. High Performance TCP/IP TCP Performance TCP Performance Interactive TCP Interactive Exchange Interactive TCP Interactive Exchange with Delayed Ack Interactive TCP WAN Interactive Exchange Wan Interactive Exchange with Nagle Algorithm Interactive TCP TCP Volume Transfer TCP Sliding Window TCP Volume Transfer TCP Slow Start Congestion Avoidance Simulation of Single TCP Transfer Simulation of TCP Transfer with Tail Drop Queue Congestion Avoidance Assisting TCP Performance Network-RED and ECN Red Behavior Assisting TCP Performance Network-RED and ECN Operation of Explicit Congestion Notification Assisting TCP Performance Network-RED and ECN Tuning TCP Conclusion
W. Application Services LayerApplication Services Layer Application Services Client/Server Application Services Remote Computing Remote Computing File Transfer Resource Sharing Communications Data Publication Additional Application Services Summary
X. Real Time ApplicationsRTP for Real Time Applications Real Time Traffic Video Transfer Not Real Time Data from Live Video Real Time Real Time Traffic Architecture An Architectural Framework RTP Combines with a Payload Format Real Time Traffic Regular Intervals Timestamping Real Time Data Data Arrives at Irregular Intervals Timestamping Real Time Data Multicast Operation Video Conference Distributes Data using Multicast Receiver Feedback is Also Multicast Feedback Multicast Advantages Scaling Other Listeners Human Nature Restricted PC in a Video Conference Translator Translator Lowers the Bandwidth Required Mixer Restricted PC in an Audio Conference Mixer Lowers the Bandwidth Required Mixer Lowers the Bandwidth Required Translator Preserves the Synchronization Source Identifier Mixer Converts Synchronization Sources to Contributing Sources Controlling Real Time Traffic RTP Message Format |